🍆 Introduction
Brinjal, also known as eggplant or baingan in Hindi, is one of the most common and profitable vegetable crops grown in India. With a high domestic demand and adaptability to different climates, brinjal farming is ideal for both small-scale and commercial farmers. This guide will help you understand how to grow brinjal profitably in India using the right farming techniques, fertilizers, and disease control measures.
🌱 Suitable Climate & Soil for Brinjal Farming
Climate:
Brinjal thrives in warm weather with a temperature range of 25–35°C. It is sensitive to extreme cold and frost.Soil:
Well-drained, fertile loamy or sandy loam soil with pH between 6.0 to 7.5 is best for eggplant farming.
🧪 Popular Brinjal Varieties in India
| Variety Name | Type | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Pusa Purple Long | Hybrid | High yield, cylindrical shape |
| Arka Kusumkar | Hybrid | Good for long-distance transport |
| Pusa Ankur | Dwarf | Suitable for early harvest |
| Arka Shirish | Round | Resistant to pests |
📅 Sowing Time & Seed Rate
Seed Rate: 300 to 400 grams per acre
Sowing Season:
Kharif: June–July
Rabi: October–November
Summer: January–February (in southern India)
🌿 Nursery Management
Prepare raised beds with well-decomposed compost.
Treat seeds with Trichoderma or Bavistin to prevent fungal diseases.
Transplant seedlings 25–30 days after sowing when they reach 4–5 leaves.
🚜 Land Preparation & Planting
Land Preparation:
Plough the land 2–3 times and add organic manure (10–15 tons/acre).Spacing:
Row-to-row: 60 cm
Plant-to-plant: 45 cm
💧 Irrigation Management
First irrigation after transplanting
Frequency: Every 7–10 days depending on soil type and climate
Avoid water stagnation to prevent root rot
🍀 Fertilizer Requirement
Basal Dose:
FYM: 10–15 tons per acre
NPK (per acre): 75:50:50 kg
Top Dressing:
Apply nitrogen in 2–3 splits for better fruit setting
🐛 Pest & Disease Management
Common Pests:
Shoot and fruit borer – Use pheromone traps, neem oil spray
Aphids & Jassids – Spray imidacloprid or neem extract
Common Diseases:
Bacterial Wilt – Use disease-free seeds, crop rotation
Powdery Mildew – Spray sulfur-based fungicide
🌸 Flowering & Harvesting
Brinjal starts flowering 30–40 days after transplanting.
Fruits are ready to harvest 60–80 days after transplanting, depending on variety.
Harvesting Tip: Pick fruits when they are fully developed but tender and shiny.
📦 Yield & Profitability
Average Yield:
Open pollinated: 80–120 quintals/acre
Hybrid: 150–200 quintals/acre
Net Profit:
Brinjal farming can yield a profit of ₹40,000 to ₹70,000 per acre with proper management.
🌿 Organic Brinjal Farming Tips
Use vermicompost, jeevamrut, and bio-fertilizers.
Plant trap crops like marigold to attract pests.
Spray cow urine or neem oil as natural pesticide.
✅ Government Support for Brinjal Farmers
MIDH (Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture) provides subsidies.
PM-KISAN for financial assistance to small farmers.
Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) provide training and seed support.
📝 Conclusion
Brinjal farming in India offers great potential for profit if managed with the right practices. Whether you’re growing for local markets or considering organic brinjal cultivation, using high-quality seeds, proper irrigation, and integrated pest control can significantly improve your yield and income.
Start today, stay consistent, and make your farm a success story with brinjal (eggplant) farming in India.